Jellicent (Pokémon)

For Pokémon GO information on this species, see the game's section.
0592MS.png #0592: Frillish
Pokémon
#0594: Alomomola 0594MS.png
Jellicent
Floating Pokémon
ブルンゲル
Burungel
#0593
Jellicent



Images on the Bulbagarden Archives
Type
Water Ghost
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Abilities
Water Absorb or Cursed Body Cacophony
Cacophony
Damp
Hidden Ability
Cacophony
Hidden Ability
Cacophony
Cacophony
Gender ratio
Unknown
50% male, 50% female
Catch rate
60 (14.8%)
Breeding
Egg Group
Amorphous
Hatch time
20 cycles
Height
7'03" 2.2 m
Jellicent
0'0" 0 m
{{{form2}}}
0'0" 0 m
{{{form3}}}
0'0" 0 m
{{{form4}}}
Weight
297.6 lbs. 135.0 kg
Jellicent
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form2}}}
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form3}}}
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form4}}}
Mega Stone
[[|]] [[|]]
Base experience yield
Unknown
Gen. IV
Unknown
IV
168
Leveling rate
Medium Fast
EV yield
Total: 2
Jellicent
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
2
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
Shape
Body10.png
Footprint
F0593.png F000.png
{{{form2}}}
Pokédex color
White
Base friendship
70
External Links

Jellicent (Japanese: ブルンゲル Burungel) is a dual-type Water/Ghost Pokémon introduced in Generation V.

It evolves from Frillish starting at level 40.

Biology

Jellicent is a large jellyfish-like Pokémon whose appearance varies based on gender. Both genders have five tentacles, two of which are long with petal-shaped ends. The remaining three are short and tapered. A male is blue with a short, white crown, and a white, mustache-like collar. Its eyes are red with blue sclerae, and there is one eyelash over each eye. Its long tentacles have white edges, while its short tentacles have white spots. A female is pink with a tall, white crown and a puffy, white collar. Its eyes are blue with red sclerae and surrounded by two eyelashes. Its mouth is red and heart-shaped. The long tentacles have white edges like the male, but the short ones have white frills.

Jellicent can absorb seawater and project it from its head, which lets it move forward in the sea. Jellicent's body composition is similar to seawater. Schools of Jellicent are known to gather for prey during a full moon. Any fancy cruise ships, tankers, or crew that wander into the oceans where it dwells are never found again, and it is rumored that it drags these ships or tankers into the sea and preys on its passengers. It can create lairs from sunken ships. It is known to feed on life energy, where the more it drains, the bigger its crown gets. Jellicent are highly feared by fishers.

Evolution

Jellicent evolves from Frillish.

Male

 
Unevolved
Frillish
 Water  Ghost 

 
First evolution
Jellicent
 Water  Ghost 

Female

 
Unevolved
Frillish
 Water  Ghost 

 
First evolution
Jellicent
 Water  Ghost 

In the anime

Main series

 
Male Jellicent in the anime
 
Female Jellicent in the anime

Major appearances

Both male and female Jellicent made their main series debut in Guarding the Guardian of the Mountain!, under the ownership of Rizzo. They were used to fight a wild Volcarona and Ash's Krokorok, but were soon defeated by Brycen's Beartic.

In The Road to Humilau!, Marlon's male Jellicent battled Cameron's Ferrothorn in a Gym battle, and was defeated by its Thunderbolt.

In In the Palms of our Hands!, a male Jellicent appeared under the ownership of Danika.

Minor appearances

Both male and female Jellicent debuted in the opening sequences of White—Victini and Zekrom and Black—Victini and Reshiram; the female Jellicent was exclusive to the former movie and the male Jellicent was exclusive to the latter.

In Strong Strategy Steals the Show!, Manning's female Jellicent briefly battled Russet's Eelektross and was defeated.

A male and female Jellicent appeared in HZ031. They reappeared in HZ032.

Pokédex entries

Episode Pokémon Source Entry
BW078 Jellicent Ash's Pokédex Jellicent, the Floating Pokémon and the evolved form of Frillish. Using life energy for food, Jellicent swims by absorbing seawater, then expelling it.

Pokémon: Twilight Wings

In Early-Evening Waves, two male Jellicent were living in a lake where Nessa was doing a photo shoot.

GOTCHA!

A male Jellicent briefly appeared in GOTCHA!, under the ownership of Marlon.

POKÉTOON

A male Jellicent appeared in Help! I've Turned into a Gengar.

In the manga

 
Male Jellicent in Pokémon Adventures
 
Female Jellicent in Pokémon Adventures

Be the Best! Pokémon B+W

A Jellicent appeared in Victini - A New Friend!, under the ownership of Muteki. It was used alongside a Hydreigon in a Double Battle against Monta.

Pocket Monsters BW: The Heroes of Fire and Thunder

A Jellicent appeared in Clash! White Hero vs Black Hero.

Pokémon Adventures

Shauntal has a female Jellicent, which was used to provoke Thundurus and Tornadus into fighting each other in A Stormy Time in the Battle Subway.

In The Tournament Continues, Marlon used a male Jellicent in the Pokémon League to battle the Hood Man's Beheeyem and lost.

Pokémon RéBURST

A female Jellicent appeared as the Burst form of Rurimaru.

In the TCG

Main article: Jellicent (TCG)

Game data

Pokédex entries

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V Unova
BW: #099
Unova
B2W2: #181
Black The fate of the ships and crew that wander into Jellicent's habitat: all sunken, all lost, all vanished.
White They propel themselves by expelling absorbed seawater from their bodies. Their favorite food is life energy.
Black 2 Its body is mostly seawater. It's said there's a castle of ships Jellicent have sunk on the seafloor.
White 2
Generation VI Kalos
#—
Hoenn
#—
X Its body is mostly seawater. It's said there's a castle of ships Jellicent have sunk on the seafloor.
Y The fate of the ships and crew that wander into Jellicent's habitat: all sunken, all lost, all vanished.
Omega Ruby Its body is mostly seawater. It's said there's a castle of ships Jellicent have sunk on the seafloor.
Alpha Sapphire The fate of the ships and crew that wander into Jellicent's habitat: all sunken, all lost, all vanished.
Generation VII Alola
USUM: #319
Kanto
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Sun, Moon, Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!.
Ultra Sun Jellicent is always hanging around fancy cruise ships and tankers, hoping to drag away its prey.
Ultra Moon Fishermen are terrified of Jellicent. It's rumored to drag them into the sea and steal their lives away.
Generation VIII Galar
#306
Galar
Isle of Armor #193
Sinnoh
#—
Hisui
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Brilliant Diamond, Shining Pearl, and Legends: Arceus.
Male
Sword Most of this Pokémon's body composition is identical to sea water. It makes sunken ships its lair.
Shield Whenever a full moon hangs in the night sky, schools of Jellicent gather near the surface of the sea, waiting for their prey to appear.
Female
Sword These Pokémon have body compositions that are mostly identical to seawater. They make their lairs from sunken ships.
Shield The crown on its head gets bigger and bigger as it absorbs more and more of the life-force of other creatures.
Generation IX Paldea
#—
Kitakami
#—
Blueberry
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Generation IX.


   
Male Jellicent in the Alola PokédexUSUM Female Jellicent in the Alola PokédexUSUM

Game locations

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V
Black White
Routes 4, 17, 18, Driftveil City, P2 Laboratory (Surfing in rippling water)
Black 2
Routes 4, 13, 17, 18 and 21, Virbank City, Virbank Complex, Undella Town, Seaside Cave, Humilau City, P2 Laboratory (Surfing in rippling water)
Undella BaySpringSummerAutumn (Surfing in rippling water)
Undella Bay*Mo
White 2
Routes 4, 13, 17, 18 and 21, Virbank City, Virbank Complex, Undella Town, Seaside Cave, Humilau City, P2 Laboratory (Surfing in rippling water)
Undella BaySpringSummerAutumn
Undella Bay*Th
Generation VI
X Y
Trade
Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire
Evolve Frillish
Generation VII
Sun Moon
Trade
Ultra Sun Ultra Moon
Evolve Frillish
Let's Go Pikachu Let's Go Eevee
Unobtainable
Generation VIII
Sword Shield
Route 9, Lake of Outrage
Watchtower Ruins, West Lake Axewell, Stony Wilderness, Giant's Mirror (Max Raid Battle)
Expansion Pass
Workout Sea, Stepping-Stone Sea, Insular Sea, Honeycalm Island, Honeycalm Sea
Max Lair (Dynamax Adventure)
Brilliant Diamond Shining Pearl
Unobtainable
Legends: Arceus
Unobtainable
Generation IX
Scarlet Violet
Unobtainable


In side games

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V
Rumble Blast
Beach: Rugged Flats
Rumble U
Chill Battle: Unidentified Flying Objects
Generation VI
Battle Trozei
Infinite Ruins: Stage 1 (Male)
Infinite Ruins: Stage 2 (Female)
Rumble World
White Ruins: Seabreeze Trail (All Areas), Starlight Islands: Upside-Down Island (All Areas)
Generation VII
Rumble Rush
Pinsir Sea, Mewtwo SeaFinal
Generation VIII
This Pokémon is unavailable in Generation VIII side games.
Cross-Generation
Shuffle
Blau Salon: Stage 430 (Male)
Zaffiro Coast: Stage 647 (Male)
Event: Pokémon Safari (Ninth release; Female)


Held items

Stats

Base stats

Stat Range
At Lv. 50 At Lv. 100
100
160 - 207 310 - 404
60
58 - 123 112 - 240
70
67 - 134 130 - 262
85
81 - 150 157 - 295
105
99 - 172 193 - 339
60
58 - 123 112 - 240
Total:
480
Other Pokémon with this total
  • Minimum stats are calculated with 0 EVs, IVs of 0, and (if applicable) a hindering nature.
  • Maximum stats are calculated with 252 EVs, IVs of 31, and (if applicable) a helpful nature.

Type effectiveness

Under normal battle conditions in Generation IX, this Pokémon is:
Damaged
normally by:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison ½×
Ground
Rock
Bug ½×
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Weak to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison ½×
Ground
Rock
Bug ½×
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Immune to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison ½×
Ground
Rock
Bug ½×
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Resistant to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison ½×
Ground
Rock
Bug ½×
Ghost
Steel ½×
Fire ½×
Water ½×
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Notes:

Learnset

Jellicent is available in Sword and Shield.

By leveling up

Generation VIII
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - IX
 Level   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP
011 Acid Armor Poison Status 0000 00——% 20
011 Absorb Grass Special 02020 100100% 25
011 Water Gun Water Special 04040 100100% 25
011 Poison Sting Poison Physical 01515 100100% 35
011 Night Shade Ghost Special 0000 100100% 15
1212 Water Pulse Water Special 06060 100100% 20
1616 Rain Dance Water Status 0000 00——% 5
2020 Hex Ghost Special 06565 100100% 10
2424 Brine Water Special 06565 100100% 10
2828 Recover Normal Status 0000 00——% 10
3232 Shadow Ball Ghost Special 08080 100100% 15
3636 Whirlpool Water Special 03535 08585% 15
4343 Hydro Pump Water Special 110110 08080% 5
4848 Destiny Bond Ghost Status 0000 00——% 5
5454 Water Spout Water Special 150150 100100% 5
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Jellicent
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an evolution of Jellicent
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see level-up moves from other generations

By TM/TR

Generation VIII
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - IX
   TM   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
TM08 TM08 Hyper Beam Normal Special 150150 090}}90% 5
TM09 TM09 Giga Impact Normal Physical 150150 090}}90% 5
TM19 TM19 Safeguard Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 25
TM21 TM21 Rest Psychic Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM24 TM24 Snore Normal Special 05050 100}}100% 15
TM25 TM25 Protect Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM27 TM27 Icy Wind Ice Special 05555 095}}95% 15
TM28 TM28 Giga Drain Grass Special 07575 100}}100% 10
TM31 TM31 Attract Normal Status 0000 100}}100% 15
TM33 TM33 Rain Dance Water Status 0000 00—}}—% 5
TM35 TM35 Hail Ice Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM36 TM36 Whirlpool Water Special 03535 085}}85% 15
TM38 TM38 Will-O-Wisp Fire Status 0000 085}}85% 15
TM39 TM39 Facade Normal Physical 07070 100}}100% 20
TM44 TM44 Imprison Psychic Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM45 TM45 Dive Water Physical 08080 100}}100% 10
TM55 TM55 Brine Water Special 06565 100}}100% 10
TM70 TM70 Trick Room Psychic Status 0000 00—}}—% 5
TM76 TM76 Round Normal Special 06060 100}}100% 15
TM77 TM77 Hex Ghost Special 06565 100}}100% 10
TR03 TR03 Hydro Pump Water Special 110110 080}}80% 5
TR04 TR04 Surf Water Special 09090 100}}100% 15
TR05 TR05 Ice Beam Ice Special 09090 100}}100% 10
TR06 TR06 Blizzard Ice Special 110110 070}}70% 5
TR11 TR11 Psychic Psychic Special 09090 100}}100% 10
TR16 TR16 Waterfall Water Physical 08080 100}}100% 15
TR20 TR20 Substitute Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TR22 TR22 Sludge Bomb Poison Special 09090 100}}100% 10
TR26 TR26 Endure Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TR27 TR27 Sleep Talk Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TR33 TR33 Shadow Ball Ghost Special 08080 100}}100% 15
TR37 TR37 Taunt Dark Status 0000 100}}100% 20
TR38 TR38 Trick Psychic Status 0000 100}}100% 10
TR45 TR45 Muddy Water Water Special 09090 085}}85% 10
TR58 TR58 Dark Pulse Dark Special 08080 100}}100% 15
TR65 TR65 Energy Ball Grass Special 09090 100}}100% 10
TR78 TR78 Sludge Wave Poison Special 09595 100}}100% 10
TR84 TR84 Scald Water Special 08080 100}}100% 15
TR92 TR92 Dazzling Gleam Fairy Special 08080 100}}100% 10
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Jellicent
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an evolution of Jellicent
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see TM moves from other generations

By breeding

Generation VIII
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - IX
 Parent   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
Acid Armor Poison Status —% 20
Bubble Beam Water Special 65 100% 20
Confuse Ray Ghost Status 100% 10
Mist* Ice Status —% 30
Pain Split Normal Status —% 20
Strength Sap Grass Status 100% 10
  • Moves marked with an asterisk (*) must be chain bred onto Jellicent in Generation VIII
  • Moves marked with a double dagger (‡) can only be bred from a Pokémon who learned the move in an earlier generation.
  • Moves marked with a superscript game abbreviation can only be bred onto Jellicent in that game.
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Jellicent
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an evolution of Jellicent
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Egg moves from other generations

By tutoring

Generation VIII
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - IX
 Game   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
Sw Sh EP BD SP Poltergeist Ghost Physical 110 90% 5
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Jellicent
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an evolution of Jellicent
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Move Tutor moves from other generations

By a prior evolution

Generation VIII
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - IX
 Stage   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
This Pokémon has no moves exclusive to prior evolutions.
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Jellicent
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an evolution of Jellicent
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see moves from other generations

By transfer from another generation

Generation VIII
Other generations:
VI - VII - IX
 Gen.   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
V VI VII Bind Normal Physical 01515 085}}85% 20
V VI VII Bubble × Water Special 04040 100}}100% 30
V VI VII Confide Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 20
V VI VII Constrict × Normal Physical 01010 100}}100% 35
V VI VII Double Team Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 15
V VI VII Dream Eater Psychic Special 100100 100}}100% 15
V VI VII Flash × Normal Status 0000 100}}100% 20
V VI VII Frustration × Normal Physical 0000 100}}100% 20
V VI VII Hidden Power × Normal Special 06060 100}}100% 15
V VI VII Magic Coat Psychic Status 0000 00—}}—% 15
V VI VII Ominous Wind × Ghost Special 06060 100}}100% 5
V VI VII Psych Up Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
V VI VII Return × Normal Physical 0000 100}}100% 20
V VI VII Secret Power × Normal Physical 07070 100}}100% 20
V VI VII Shock Wave Electric Special 06060 00—}}—% 20
V VI VII Spite Ghost Status 0000 100}}100% 10
V VI VII Swagger Normal Status 0000 085}}85% 15
V VI VII Toxic Poison Status 0000 090}}90% 10
V VI VII Water Sport × Water Status 0000 00—}}—% 15
V VI VII Wring Out × Normal Special 0000 100}}100% 5
  • Transferred Pokémon only retain these moves in Pokémon Sword and Shield
  • A striped background indicates a generation in which the move can only be obtained via event or as a special move
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Jellicent
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an evolution of Jellicent
  • × indicates a move that cannot be used in Sword and Shield
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see transfer-only moves for other generations

Side game data

Male Jellicent

Pokémon Rumble Blast
Attack ●●●
Defense ●●●
Speed ●●●
Pokémon Rumble Rush
  Walking Speed: 1.5 seconds Base HP: 59
Base Attack: 78 Base Defense: 57 Base Speed: 60
Pokémon Battle Trozei
Water
Attack Power: ★★★★★

 

Pokémon Shuffle
 
Ghost
  Attack Power: 60 - 120   10

#569
 

Prank
Sometimes changes when a foe will next disrupt your play.


Pokémon GO
  Base HP: 225 Base Attack: 159 Base Defense: 178
Egg Distance: N/A Buddy Distance: 3 km Evolution Requirement: N/A
Fast Attacks: Bubble, Hex
Charged Attacks: Shadow Ball, Ice Beam, Bubble Beam, Surf*

Female Jellicent

Pokémon Rumble Blast
Attack ●●●
Defense ●●●
Speed ●●●
Pokémon Rumble Rush
  Walking Speed: 1.5 seconds Base HP: 59
Base Attack: 78 Base Defense: 57 Base Speed: 60
Pokémon Battle Trozei
Water
Attack Power: ★★★★★

 

Pokémon Shuffle
 
Ghost
  Attack Power: 60 - 120   10

#569
 

Mind Zap
Delays your opponent's disruptions.


Pokémon GO
  Base HP: 225 Base Attack: 159 Base Defense: 178
Egg Distance: N/A Buddy Distance: 3 km Evolution Requirement: N/A
Fast Attacks: Bubble, Hex
Charged Attacks: Shadow Ball, Ice Beam, Bubble Beam, Surf*

Evolution data

Male

 
Unevolved
Frillish
 Water  Ghost 
 
Level 40
 
First evolution
Jellicent
 Water  Ghost 


Female

 
Unevolved
Frillish
 Water  Ghost 
 
Level 40
 
First evolution
Jellicent
 Water  Ghost 


Sprites

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V
Black White Black 2 White 2
       
       
       
       
Front Back Front Back
Generation VI
X Y Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire
Front Back Front Back
Generation VII
Sun Moon Ultra Sun Ultra Moon
Front Back Front Back
Generation VIII
Sword Shield
This Pokémon is unavailable in Generation IX.
Cross-Generation
HOME
   
   
  For other sprites and images, please see Jellicent images on the Bulbagarden Archives.


Trivia

 
Dream World artwork of female Jellicent
  • Although female Dream World artwork exists, any Frillish or Jellicent uploaded to the Global Link will use the male artwork, regardless of their gender.
  • Frillish and Jellicent were originally pure Water-type. The Ghost type was added to their typing for balancing reasons, with Ken Sugimori noting that the designer for the Frillish line was disappointed that they ended up becoming scary Pokémon.[1]

Origin

Jellicent and its pre-evolved form are most likely based on jellyfish; Jellicent's size and bulbous body may be drawn from the genus Stygiomedusa, also known as the giant phantom jelly, which is large in size and possesses fabric-like tentacles. It also shares traits with the crown jellyfish and jelly blubber. Jellicent's frills and collars seem to be based on typical monarch attire; the male's appearance is based on a king's while the female's is based on a queen's.

Jellicent, as well as its pre-evolution, also seem to draw heavy inspiration from Nurarihyon, a jellyfish yōkai that is either shown as a demonized jellyfish or as a jellyfish-like man who wears refined, sometimes regal, clothing. It is also possible that they were inspired by the Kurage no Hinotama, a sort of jellyfish-like will-o'-the-wisp. Jellicent's dangerous ability to prey on humans, in self-defense of its habitat, is possibly based on the box jellyfish and other highly venomous species of jellyfish that are capable of killing humans. The two larger tentacles Jellicent possesses are more similar to those of squids than the tentacles of real jellyfish. Jellicent also has traits in common with sea monsters like the Kraken, most notably its rumored penchant for destroying ships and feeding on the crew.

Name origin

Jellicent may be a combination of jellyfish and magnificent or translucent.

Burungel may be a combination of ブルンブルン burunburun (onomatopoeia for shaking) and ゲル gel.

In other languages

Language Title Meaning
  Japanese ブルンゲル Burungel From ブルンブルン burunburun and gel
  French Moyade From méduse and noyade
  Spanish Jellicent Same as English name
  German Apoquallyp From Apokalypse, Qualle, and Polyp
  Italian Jellicent Same as English name
  Korean 탱탱겔 Taengtaenggel From 탱탱하다 taengtaenghada and gel
  Mandarin Chinese 胖嘟嘟 Pàngdūdū From 胖嘟嘟 pàngdūdū
  Cantonese Chinese 胖嘟嘟 Buhndyūtdyūt From 胖嘟嘟 buhndyūtdyūt


References

  1. Nintendo Dream Vol. 204, April 2011 (Shellspider's blog (Japanese), Translation by Dr. Lava)

External links


  #0592: Frillish
Pokémon
#0594: Alomomola  
  This Pokémon article is part of Project Pokédex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each Pokémon as a species.