Cubchoo (Pokémon)

(Redirected from Kumashun (Pokémon))
For Pokémon GO information on this species, see the game's section.
0612MS.png #0612: Haxorus
Pokémon
#0614: Beartic 0614MS.png
Cubchoo
Chill Pokémon
クマシュン
Kumasyun
#0613
Cubchoo



Images on the Bulbagarden Archives
Type
Ice Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Unknown Unknown
Abilities
Snow Cloak or Slush RushGen VII+ Cacophony
Cacophony
Rattled
Hidden Ability
Cacophony
Hidden Ability
Cacophony
Cacophony
Gender ratio
Unknown
50% male, 50% female
Catch rate
120 (24.9%)
Breeding
Egg Group
Field
Hatch time
20 cycles
Height
1'08" 0.5 m
Cubchoo
0'0" 0 m
{{{form2}}}
0'0" 0 m
{{{form3}}}
0'0" 0 m
{{{form4}}}
Weight
18.7 lbs. 8.5 kg
Cubchoo
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form2}}}
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form3}}}
0 lbs. 0 kg
{{{form4}}}
Mega Stone
[[|]] [[|]]
Base experience yield
Unknown
Gen. IV
Unknown
IV
61
Leveling rate
Medium Fast
EV yield
Total: 1
Cubchoo
0
HP
1
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
0
HP
0
Atk
0
Def
0
Sp.Atk
0
Sp.Def
0
Speed
Shape
Body06.png
Footprint
F0613.png F000.png
{{{form2}}}
Pokédex color
White
Base friendship
70
External Links

Cubchoo (Japanese: クマシュン Kumasyun) is an Ice-type Pokémon introduced in Generation V.

It evolves into Beartic starting at level 37.

Biology

Cubchoo is a bipedal, ursine Pokémon with a light blue head and neck. Its head is slightly pointed at the top and has large round ears; shiny, dark, oval eyes; and a darker blue muzzle. Cubchoo has a shiny dark nose, from which a considerable amount of light blue nasal mucus — the source of its attacks — constantly droops. The lower part of its body is white. It has rounded forepaws, digit-less feet with black paw pads, and a small round tail.

Cubchoo's mucus can cause frostbite, and is inhaled and used for its attacks, as well as smeared on anyone it dislikes. Cubchoo's mucus is also an indicator of its health. When it is healthy, its mucus is sticky and its Ice-type moves become stronger. However, if it is in bad health, the mucus becomes watery or even nonexistent, which weakens its Ice-type techniques. Cubchoo inhabits cold regions, along the shorelines.

Evolution

Cubchoo evolves into Beartic.

(For specifics on this Pokémon's Evolution in the games, refer to Game data→Evolution data.)

0613Cubchoo.png
Unevolved
Cubchoo
 Ice 

0614Beartic.png
First Evolution
Beartic
 Ice 

Game data

Pokédex entries

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V Unova
 B  W : #119
Unova
 B2  W2 : #195
Black When it is not feeling well, its mucus gets watery and the power of its Ice-type moves decreases.
White Its nose is always running. It sniffs the snot back up because the mucus provides the raw material for its moves.
Black 2 Their snot is a barometer of health. When healthy, their snot is sticky and the power of their ice moves increases.
White 2
Generation VI Kalos
Mountain #081
Hoenn
#—
X Its nose is always running. It sniffs the snot back up because the mucus provides the raw material for its moves.
Y Their snot is a barometer of health. When healthy, their snot is sticky and the power of their ice moves increases.
Omega Ruby Its nose is always running. It sniffs the snot back up because the mucus provides the raw material for its moves.
Alpha Sapphire Their snot is a barometer of health. When healthy, their snot is sticky and the power of their ice moves increases.
Generation VII Alola
#—
Kanto
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Generation VII.
Generation VIII Galar
#279
Galar
Crown Tundra #121
Sinnoh
#—
Hisui
#—
This Pokémon has no Pokédex entries in Brilliant Diamond, Shining Pearl, and Legends: Arceus.
Sword When this Pokémon is in good health, its snot becomes thicker and stickier. It will smear its snot on anyone it doesn't like.
Shield It sniffles before performing a move, using its frosty snot to provide an icy element to any move that needs it.
Generation IX Paldea
#355
Kitakami
#—
Blueberry
#153
Scarlet Many of this species can be found along the shorelines of cold regions. If a Cubchoo lacks dangling snot, there's a chance it is sick.
Violet When Cubchoo starts sneezing, watch out! If it spatters you with its frosty snot, you'll get frostbite.


Pokédex Image Cubchoo SV.png Pokédex Image Cubchoo SV Blueberry.png
Cubchoo in the Paldea Pokédex Cubchoo in the Blueberry Pokédex

Game locations

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V
Black White
Twist Mountain
Route 7, Dragonspiral TowerWinter
Black 2 White 2
Route 7Winter
Route 7 (Hidden Grotto)*
Generation VI
X Y
Frost Cavern (Horde Encounter)
Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire
Shoal Cave (hidden Pokémon*)
Generation VII
Sun Moon
Pokémon Bank
Ultra Sun Ultra Moon
Pokémon Bank
Let's Go Pikachu Let's Go Eevee
Unobtainable
Generation VIII
Sword
Route 10, Bridge Field, Dusty Bowl, Giant's Mirror, Hammerlocke Hills, Stony Wilderness
Stony Wilderness (Max Raid Battle)
Shield
Route 10, Bridge Field, Dusty Bowl, Giant's Mirror, Hammerlocke Hills, Stony Wilderness
Dusty Bowl, Giant's Cap, Giant's Seat, Stony Wilderness (Max Raid Battle)
Sword Expansion Pass
Giant's Bed, Frigid Sea (Max Raid Battle)
Brilliant Diamond Shining Pearl
Unobtainable
Legends: Arceus
Unobtainable
Generation IX
Scarlet Violet
North Province: Dalizapa Passage, Glaseado Mountain
Tera Raid Battles (3★)
The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero
Chargestone Cavern, Polar Biome


In side games

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V
Rumble Blast
Glacier: Frozen Tundra, World Axle - B2F
PokéPark 2
Crag Area
Conquest
Nixtorm
MD GTI
Great Glacier (1F-14F), Glacial Underpass (B1-B9), Redland Reaches (1F-10F), Eastern Savanna (1F-14F), Grove of Whispers (1F-9F), Silent Tundra (Uncharted Road, Gilded Hall), Dreamy Island (Uncharted Road, Gilded Hall), Moonlit Forest (Gilded Hall), Treat Road (1F-19F)
Rumble U
Verdant Plaza: Four Seasons in the Forest
Generation VI
Battle Trozei
Safari Jungle: Stage 1Fr
Rumble World
Pearl Marsh: Aurora Ice Field (All Areas), Distortion Land: Outermost Snowfield (All Areas)
Picross
Area 06: Stage 02
Generation VII
Rumble Rush
Snorlax Sea, Castform Sea, Aegislash Sea, Jirachi SeaFinal
Generation VIII
New Snap
Shiver Snowfields
Cross-Generation
Shuffle
Nacht Carnival: Stage 544
Event: Pokémon Safari (13th release; Holiday)


In events

Games Event Language Location Level Distribution period
BW Pokémon Smash! Cubchoo Japanese Japan
Wi-Fi
15 October 22 to November 29, 2010

Held items

Games Held items
Black White
Black 2 White 2

Stats

Base stats

Stat Range
At Lv. 50 At Lv. 100
55
115 - 162 220 - 314
70
67 - 134 130 - 262
40
40 - 101 76 - 196
60
58 - 123 112 - 240
40
40 - 101 76 - 196
40
40 - 101 76 - 196
Total:
305
Other Pokémon with this total
  • Minimum stats are calculated with 0 EVs, IVs of 0, and (if applicable) a hindering nature.
  • Maximum stats are calculated with 252 EVs, IVs of 31, and (if applicable) a helpful nature.

Type effectiveness

Under normal battle conditions in Generation IX, this Pokémon is:
Damaged
normally by:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Weak to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Immune to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None
Resistant to:
Normal
Fighting
Flying
Poison
Ground
Rock
Bug
Ghost
Steel
Fire
Water
Grass
Electric
Psychic
Ice ½×
Dragon
Dark
Fairy
None

Learnset

By leveling up

Generation IX
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - VIII
 Level   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP
011 Powder Snow Ice Special 04040 100100% 25
011 Growl Normal Status 0000 100100% 40
033 Endure Normal Status 0000 00——% 10
066 Fury Swipes Normal Physical 01818 08080% 15
099 Icy Wind Ice Special 05555 09595% 15
1212 Play Nice Normal Status 0000 00——% 20
1515 Brine Water Special 06565 100100% 10
1818 Frost Breath Ice Special 06060 09090% 10
2121 Slash Normal Physical 07070 100100% 20
2424 Flail Normal Physical 0000 100100% 15
2727 Charm Fairy Status 0000 100100% 20
3030 Snowscape Ice Status 0000 00——% 10
3333 Thrash Normal Physical 120120 100100% 10
3636 Rest Psychic Status 0000 00——% 5
3939 Blizzard Ice Special 110110 07070% 5
4242 Sheer Cold Ice Special 0000 03030% 5
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Cubchoo
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Cubchoo
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see level-up moves from other generations

By TM

Generation IX
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - VIII
   TM   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
TM001Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM001 Take Down Normal Physical 09090 085}}85% 20
TM002Bag TM Fairy SV Sprite.png TM002 Charm Fairy Status 0000 100}}100% 20
TM005Bag TM Ground SV Sprite.png TM005 Mud-Slap Ground Special 02020 100}}100% 10
TM007Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM007 Protect Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM010Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM010 Ice Fang Ice Physical 06565 095}}95% 15
TM011Bag TM Water SV Sprite.png TM011 Water Pulse Water Special 06060 100}}100% 20
TM012Bag TM Fighting SV Sprite.png TM012 Low Kick Fighting Physical 0000 100}}100% 20
TM018Bag TM Dark SV Sprite.png TM018 Thief Dark Physical 06060 100}}100% 25
TM020Bag TM Grass SV Sprite.png TM020 Trailblaze Grass Physical 05050 100}}100% 20
TM022Bag TM Water SV Sprite.png TM022 Chilling Water Water Special 05050 100}}100% 20
TM025Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM025 Facade Normal Physical 07070 100}}100% 20
TM027Bag TM Flying SV Sprite.png TM027 Aerial Ace Flying Physical 06060 00—}}—% 20
TM028Bag TM Ground SV Sprite.png TM028 Bulldoze Ground Physical 06060 100}}100% 20
TM030Bag TM Dark SV Sprite.png TM030 Snarl Dark Special 05555 095}}95% 15
TM031Bag TM Steel SV Sprite.png TM031 Metal Claw Steel Physical 05050 095}}95% 35
TM034Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM034 Icy Wind Ice Special 05555 095}}95% 15
TM035Bag TM Ground SV Sprite.png TM035 Mud Shot Ground Special 05555 095}}95% 15
TM036Bag TM Rock SV Sprite.png TM036 Rock Tomb Rock Physical 06060 095}}95% 15
TM043Bag TM Dark SV Sprite.png TM043 Fling Dark Physical 0000 100}}100% 10
TM046Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM046 Avalanche Ice Physical 06060 100}}100% 10
TM047Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM047 Endure Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM050Bag TM Water SV Sprite.png TM050 Rain Dance Water Status 0000 00—}}—% 5
TM052Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM052 Snowscape Ice Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM055Bag TM Ground SV Sprite.png TM055 Dig Ground Physical 08080 100}}100% 10
TM061Bag TM Ghost SV Sprite.png TM061 Shadow Claw Ghost Physical 07070 100}}100% 15
TM066Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM066 Body Slam Normal Physical 08585 100}}100% 15
TM069Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM069 Ice Punch Ice Physical 07575 100}}100% 15
TM070Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM070 Sleep Talk Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM081Bag TM Grass SV Sprite.png TM081 Grass Knot Grass Special 0000 100}}100% 20
TM085Bag TM Psychic SV Sprite.png TM085 Rest Psychic Status 0000 00—}}—% 5
TM086Bag TM Rock SV Sprite.png TM086 Rock Slide Rock Physical 07575 090}}90% 10
TM087Bag TM Dark SV Sprite.png TM087 Taunt Dark Status 0000 100}}100% 20
TM089Bag TM Fighting SV Sprite.png TM089 Body Press Fighting Physical 08080 100}}100% 10
TM103Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM103 Substitute Normal Status 0000 00—}}—% 10
TM105Bag TM Bug SV Sprite.png TM105 X-Scissor Bug Physical 08080 100}}100% 15
TM108Bag TM Dark SV Sprite.png TM108 Crunch Dark Physical 08080 100}}100% 15
TM110Bag TM Water SV Sprite.png TM110 Liquidation Water Physical 08585 100}}100% 10
TM121Bag TM Steel SV Sprite.png TM121 Heavy Slam Steel Physical 0000 100}}100% 10
TM122Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM122 Encore Normal Status 0000 100}}100% 5
TM123Bag TM Water SV Sprite.png TM123 Surf Water Special 09090 100}}100% 15
TM127Bag TM Fairy SV Sprite.png TM127 Play Rough Fairy Physical 09090 090}}90% 10
TM135Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM135 Ice Beam Ice Special 09090 100}}100% 10
TM143Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM143 Blizzard Ice Special 110110 070}}70% 5
TM171Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM171 Tera Blast Normal Special 08080 100}}100% 10
TM187Bag TM Ice SV Sprite.png TM187 Icicle Spear Ice Physical 02525 100}}100% 30
TM192Bag TM Fighting SV Sprite.png TM192 Focus Punch Fighting Physical 150150 100}}100% 20
TM205Bag TM Normal SV Sprite.png TM205 Endeavor Normal Physical 0000 100}}100% 5
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Cubchoo
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution or an alternate form of Cubchoo
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see TM moves from other generations

By breeding

Generation IX
Other generations:
V - VI - VII - VIII
 Parent   Move   Type   Cat.   Pwr.   Acc.   PP 
VigorothScraggyScraftyPalafin
Focus Punch Fighting Physical 150 100% 20
DugtrioDugtrioMeowthPersianZangooseStunkySkuntankWeavileZoroarkMeowscarada
Night Slash Dark Physical 70 100% 15
WooperWooperQuagsireClodsireDunsparceDudunsparcePoochyenaMightyenaSlakothSlakingCameruptHippopotasHippowdonYungoosGumshoosKomalaFuecocoCrocalorSkeledirgeLechonkOinkologne*
Yawn Normal Status —% 10
  • Moves marked with an asterisk (*) must be chain bred onto Cubchoo
  • Bold indicates a move that gets STAB when used by Cubchoo
  • Italic indicates a move that gets STAB only when used by an Evolution of Cubchoo
  • Click on the generation numbers at the top to see Egg moves from other generations

Side game data

Pokémon Super Mystery Dungeon
MDP 3DS 613.png

Body size: Standard (1 tile)
How to Recruit: Visit Vanillite's secret base
Connected to: Swinub, Vanillite
Connection Orb Set: 19

Phrases
Normal They think I have a cold all the time, but that's not…ah-choo!
Low HP (< 50%) Urff… I think I may have a cold…
Pokémon Rumble Blast
Attack ●●
Defense
Speed ●●●
Pokémon Rumble Rush
Rush613Body.png Walking Speed: 2.08 seconds Base HP: 49
Base Attack: 69 Base Defense: 45 Base Speed: 60
PokéPark 2: Wonders Beyond
PP2613.png
PokéPark Pad entry:
He is a little bit worried that Beartic pays too much attention to him.
Pokémon Conquest
PCP613.png HP: ★★ Move: Powder Snow
Attack: ★★ Ability 1: Stealth
Ability 2: Skater
Ability 3: Mood Maker
Defense:
Speed: ★★
Evolves into Beartic when its Attack is 73 or higher
Range: 3 Perfect Links: Shigemoto and Yoshikiyo
Pokémon Battle Trozei
Ice
Attack Power: ★★★★

BT613.png

Pokémon Shuffle
None Shuffle.png
Ice
None Shuffle.png Attack Power: 50 - 100 Raise Max Level.png 5

#650
Shuffle613.png

Mega Boost+
Fills the Mega Gauge of the same type of Pokémon more.


Pokémon Shuffle
None Shuffle.png
Ice
None Shuffle.png Attack Power: 50 - 100 Raise Max Level.png 5

#650
Shuffle613Holiday.png

Power of 4+
Deals even more damage when you make a match of four.


Pokémon GO
GO613.png Base HP: 146 Base Attack: 128 Base Defense: 74
Egg Distance: N/A Buddy Distance: 3 km Evolution Requirement: Cubchoo Candy 50
Fast Attacks: Powder Snow, Charm
Charged Attacks: Ice Punch, Icy Wind, Play Rough
New Pokémon Snap
NPS613.png
Photodex entry #156
Cubchoo live happily on the snowfields under the watchful eye of Beartic. They say you can tell how healthy a Cubchoo is by looking at the snot dangling from its nose.


Costumes in Pokémon GO
GO613Winter2020.png
Holiday ribbon

Evolution data

0613Cubchoo.png
Unevolved
Cubchoo
 Ice 
Rare Candy
Level 37
0614Beartic.png
First Evolution
Beartic
 Ice 


Sprites

This Pokémon was unavailable prior to Generation V.
Generation V
Black White Black 2 White 2
Spr 5b 613.png Spr b 5b 613.png Spr 5b2 613.png Spr b 5b2 613.png
Spr 5b 613 s.png Spr b 5b 613 s.png Spr 5b2 613 s.png Spr b 5b2 613 s.png
Front Back Front Back
Generation VI
X Y Omega Ruby Alpha Sapphire
Spr 6x 613.png
Spr b 6x 613.png
Spr 6o 613.png
Spr b 6o 613.png
Spr 6x 613 s.png
Spr b 6x 613 s.png
Spr 6o 613 s.png
Spr b 6o 613 s.png
Front Back Front Back
Generation VII
Sun Moon Ultra Sun Ultra Moon
Spr 7s 613.png
Spr b 7s 613.png
Spr 7s 613.png
Spr b 7s 613.png
Spr 7s 613 s.png
Spr b 7s 613 s.png
Spr 7s 613 s.png
Spr b 7s 613 s.png
Front Back Front Back
Generation VIII
Sword Shield
Spr 8s 613.png
Spr 8s 613 s.png
Cross-Generation
HOME
HOME0613.png HOME0613 s.png
613MS.png For other sprites and images, please see Cubchoo images on the Bulbagarden Archives.


In animation

Major appearances

Multiple Cubchoo debuted in The Beartic Mountain Feud!. Ash, his friends, and Meowth found a member of the group injured. Later in the episode, they returned it to its friends.

In The Mystery of the Missing Cubchoo!, Chris's Cubchoo had gone missing, so he asked Cilan for assistance in searching for it. Cubchoo was eventually found in the company of a wild Larvitar that it befriended.

Minor appearances

A Cubchoo appeared in Kyurem VS. The Sword of Justice. Another Cubchoo appeared during the Swords of Justice legend.

A Trainer's Cubchoo appeared in Curtain Up, Unova League!.

A Cubchoo appeared in Day Three Blockbusters!.

A Trainer's Cubchoo appeared in Adventures in Running Errands!.

In Party Dancecapades!, a Performer's Cubchoo attended Monsieur Pierre's dance party.

A Trainer's Cubchoo appeared in A League of His Own!.

Three Cubchoo appeared in The First Day of the Rest of Your Life!, each under the ownership of a different Trainer.

A Cubchoo appeared in JN136. The scene where it appeared was removed from the dub version of the episode.

Two Cubchoo appeared in HZ049, under the ownership of two Trainers.

A Trainer's Cubchoo appeared in HZ050.

A Student's Cubchoo appeared in HZ055.

A Cubchoo appeared in HZ060.

A Trainer's Cubchoo appeared in HZ063.

Pokédex entries

Episode Pokémon Source Entry
BW046 Cubchoo Ash's Pokédex Cubchoo, the Chill Pokémon. Cubchoo evolves into Beartic. Its constantly runny nose is the source of its energy and its sniffles power its moves.
BW088 Cubchoo Dawn's Pokédex Cubchoo, the Chill Pokémon. Cubchoo's runny nose is the source of its energy and its sniffles power its moves.

In the manga

Pocket Monsters BW: The Heroes of Fire and Thunder

A Cubchoo appeared in The King's Identity...!!.

Pokémon Adventures

When White was trapped in the Rondez-View Ferris Wheel by N in Gigi's Choice, and forced to challenge his point of view, she told of how her Pokémon Musical idea was inspired by an event in her past, in which a Cubchoo joined the dancers on stage during a theater performance she saw.

A Cubchoo appeared in a flashback in A Wretched Reunion.

Pokémon + Nobunaga's Ambition ~ Ranse's Color Picture Scroll ~

A Cubchoo appeared in PNA2, under the ownership of Aya.

In the TCG

Main article: Cubchoo (TCG)

Trivia

Cubchoo mentioned in Pokémon Legends: Arceus

Origin

Cubchoo is based on a polar bear cub. The mucus it possesses is probably inspired by the fact that cold weather often results in a runny nose.

Name origin

Cubchoo may be a combination of cub and ah-choo (sound of a sneeze).

Kumasyun may be a combination of 熊 kuma (bear) and くしゅん kushun (onomatopoeia of a sneeze). It may also incorporate 熊 xióng (Chinese for bear).

In other languages

Language Title Meaning
Japan Flag.png Japanese クマシュン Kumasyun From kuma, くしゅん kushun, and possibly xióng
France Flag.png French Polarhume From polaire and rhume
Spain Flag.png Spanish Cubchoo Same as English name
Germany Flag.png German Petznief From Meister Petz and schniefen
Italy Flag.png Italian Cubchoo Same as English name
South Korea Flag.png Korean 코고미 Kogomi From ko, 꼬마 kkoma, gom, ~이 -i, and possibly a pun of 코곪 kogom
China and Taiwan Flags.png Mandarin Chinese 噴嚏熊 / 喷嚏熊 Pēntìxióng From 噴嚏 / 喷嚏 pēntì and xióng
Hong Kong Flag.png Cantonese Chinese 噴嚏熊 Pantaihùhng From 噴嚏 pantai and hùhng


External links

0612MS.png #0612: Haxorus
Pokémon
#0614: Beartic 0614MS.png
Project Pokédex logo.png This Pokémon article is part of Project Pokédex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each Pokémon species, as well as Pokémon groups and forms.