Appendix:Glossary (Production): Difference between revisions

==Bank system==

The bank system (Japanese: '''バンクシステム''') is a specific Japanese technique of {{wp|limited animation}}, wherein animation is re-used in part or in whole in a 2D animated production,<ref>[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0 バンクシステム - Wikipedia], the Japanese Wikipedia page about the bank system</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342551066_The_Ritualization_of_the_Bank_System_in_Japanese_TV_Animation_with_Hero_or_Heroine (PDF) The Ritualization of the "Bank System" in Japanese TV Animation with Hero or Heroine]</ref> whether that be direct re-use of the original animation, or by tracing existing animation to be used again.<ref name=SakugaBooruTags>[https://sakugabooru.com/wiki/show?title=tag_guidelines Reference to the tags of SakugaBooru, which is the home for highly praised animation within the Japanese industry. Each tag is used to define something specific within an upload to the site, with all having an explanation on this page.]</ref> For instance, [[Z-Moves#In the anime|Z-Moves]] that are used in the anime will often look identical upon being used again, due to the complexity of the motion and camerawork involved. Occasionally, banked animation is made a little less obvious, as it can also be used to describe the re-use of animation between different Pokémon, characters, and scenes than the original animation was used for.

Very rarely, whole content may majorly comprised of banked animation, such as "recap episodes" (often produced to save time and put the project further ahead of schedule) or [[M14]] (due to the choice to split one movie into two similar ones).

==Key frame==

A '''{{wp|key frame}}''' (Japanese: '''原画''' lit. ''"original pictures"'') is a term used to describe the drawings used in 2D animation<ref name=ANNCreditsFeature>[https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2016-03-16/your-ultimate-guide-to-anime-ending-credits-part-i/.99852 Your Ultimate Guide to Anime Ending Credits: Part I -- by Kevin Cirugeda, ANN.]</ref> which take place after the layout phase<ref name=SakugaBlog></ref> and define the motion within a cut of animation drawn by the key animator. They are often corrected by those higher up on the production team, such as animation directors<ref name=HiroyukiKitakobo>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231213031949/https://twitter.com/LawofGreen/status/768781927100747777 Animator Hiroyuki Kitakobo referencing early use of the term Animation Director at Studio BONES.]</ref> (also referred to as animation supervisors),<ref name=ANNCreditsFeature></ref> chief animation directors, or character designers.<ref name=SakugaBooruTags></ref> They are then traced by '''in-between''' (Japanese: '''動画''' lit. ''moving pictures'')<ref name=ANNCreditsFeature></ref> artists, who also draw the missing frames following the notes left by the key animator for timing and frame-pacing.

As can be seen below, the color of each line or filled material represents a different intent when the artwork is to be colored. It shares these colors and their definitions with can be found in the [[#Model sheet|model sheet section.]]

''A list of key frames uploaded to Bulbapedia can be found '''[[a:Category:Key frames|here]].'''''

A '''layout''' is a term for the immediate next step of the animation process following a storyboard.<ref name=SakugaBooruTags></ref><ref name=SakugaBlog></ref> Now that a cut or scene has been planned out, it is up to the job of an animator to create a layout that acts as the skeleton of the scene, for artists to follow when further down in the production line. These often feature more intense detail, depth and perspective than the initial storyboard. When compiled, layouts are often animated with rudimentary motion of specific parts in order to aid animators in the next immediate step.

'''Sakuga''' (Japanese: '''作画''' lit. ''"sakuga"'') <ref name=SakugaBlog>[https://blog.sakugabooru.com/glossary/ Reference to Sakugablog's glossary, which contains a variety of references from the most prominent JP animation community online]</ref> is often used to refer to high quality or otherwise exceptional cuts of animation among English fan communities.<ref name=SakugaBooruTags></ref> It originates as a Japanese term referring to key animation.

==Model sheet==

A '''{{wp|model sheet}}''' (Japanese: '''設定''' lit. ''"setting materials"'') is a term used to describe detailed reference material of designs, objects, and locations from a variety of angles. This material is given to artists in order to create consistent and accurate work. This is integral for both 2D and 3D artists alike.<ref name=SakugaBooruTags></ref>

Often, the model sheets officially released by [[The Pokémon Company]] in various art books are slightly different than the original model sheets, as can be seen below with [[Hapu]] from [[Pokémon Sun and Moon]].

In model sheets for animated productions, where flat colors are used, the color of each line or filled material represents a different intent when the artwork is to be colored, further providing the artist using the model sheet with additional context to aid their work.

* '''Black lines''' are used for lines that are not meant to disappear when colored.

* '''<span style="color:#f46b65">Red</span> lines''' are often, though not always, used for specific particular color fills, such as highlights from exterior lighting within a scene whenever applicable.

* '''<span style="color:#88a6fc">Blue</span> lines''' best denote a division between a dark and light area, used for shadows. They're invisible when the figure has been fully painted or colored.

* '''<span style="color:#000000; background:#70df90">Green</span>''' or '''<span style="color:#000000; background:#9aebec">blue</span> fills''' are used for shadowed areas.

* '''<span style="color:#000000; background:#fffdbc">Yellow</span> fills''' denote areas that serve as highlights.

| A comparison of two poses from different model sheets of Arceus from {{color2|000|M12}}<br>to best illustrate the purpose of differently colored lines and filled areas

| {{color2|000|Iono}}'s model sheet from ''{{color2|000|Pokémon Horizons: The Series}}''

'''Storyboards''' (Japanese: '''絵コンテ''' lit. ''"drawing continuity"'') are the one of the earliest types of minimal production material used for various media to allow artists to better visualize scenes that are going to be developed further, typically by background artists, modelers, animators, or a compositing team.<ref name=SakugaBooruTags></ref><ref name=SakugaBlog></ref> They often, though not always, come after model sheets in the production line. With productions that involve 2D animation, they precede the layout phase.<ref name=KianaMaiPTTPBoards>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231213033103/https://twitter.com/kianamaiart/status/1692241395258646910 Kiana Khansmith's Path to the Peak storyboards.]</ref> In Japanese productions, this part of production involves a sequenced series of storyboards that include specific details to assist with the process further down the production line, including planned dialogue and acting instructions.

The term '''prototype''' is the most general term used to refer to material of this nature, and covers any and all content prior to a game's release, {{wp|Video Game Development|particularly in the pre-production period.}} This can include, but is not limited to; completely unreleased games, such as {{OBP|Pokémon Picross|Game Boy Color}}, publicly playable demos prior to the release of the final game, such as the [[Pokémon Gold and Silver Spaceworld '97 demo]], physical production material that later goes unused (concept art, unreleased model sheets, etc.), or private source code, even including entire development repositories.