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 An '''additional effect''' (Japanese: '''{{tt|追加効果|ついかこうか}}''' ''additional effect''), sometimes also called an '''added effect''', is the in-battle secondary effect of a [[List of moves that do damage|damaging move]].
-Additional effects include stat changes or status conditions with a chance of occurring. Some moves can also have more than one additional effect; {{m|Ice Fang}} is an example of this, with a 10% chance of {{status|freeze|freezing}} the target and an independent 10% chance of causing the target to {{status|flinch}}.
+==Effects that affect additional effects==
+There are several moves and {{Abilities}} which have effects on moves with additional effects.
+* The Ability {{a|Serene Grace}} doubles the chances of the Pokémon's own moves' additional effects occurring (up to 100%)
+* The Ability {{a|Sheer Force}} boosts the damage of the Pokémon's own moves with additional effects, but prevents their additional effects from occurring
+* The Ability {{a|Shield Dust}} prevents the Pokémon from being affected by other Pokémon's moves' additional effects
+* The rainbow created by {{m|Water Pledge}} when used in combination with {{m|Fire Pledge}} doubles the chances of additional effects
-The effects of {{m|Anchor Shot}}, {{m|Eerie Spell}}, {{m|Genesis Supernova}}, {{m|Secret Power}}, {{m|Sparkling Aria}}, and {{m|Spirit Shackle}} are explicitly enumerated as being additional effects, though they would not otherwise be counted as such if not for this exception. Notably, {{m|Thousand Waves}}, which otherwise has an identical effect to Anchor Shot and Spirit Shackle, is not considered to have an additional effect.
+The effects of the rainbow and Serene Grace stack, except for chances to [[flinch]] (which can only be doubled once), meaning that when used together they quadruple the chance of additional effects. Internally, the chance of an additional effect is stored in a byte; as such, if the chance of an additional effect is increased past 255 by a combination of Serene Grace and the rainbow effect, it will overflow and wrap back around from 0. This only matters for Charge Beam, whose 70% chance would become 280% thus causing it to overflow to 24%, as moves with 100% effect chance which overflow back to 100%.
-There are three {{Abilities}} which can modify the chance to cause an additional effect. {{a|Serene Grace}} doubles their chances of occurring when the user attacks (up to 100%), {{a|Sheer Force}} removes them from the user's moves but boosts their damage, and {{a|Shield Dust}} removes them from moves that hit the Pokémon without giving a power boost to compensate. The rainbow created by {{m|Water Pledge}} when used in combination with {{m|Fire Pledge}} also doubles the chances of additional effects, resulting in a quadruple chance when combined with Serene Grace, except that chances to flinch can only be doubled once. Internally, the chance is stored in a byte; as such if it is increased past 255 by combination of the Ability and the rainbow effect, it will overflow back to 0. This only matters for Charge Beam, whose 70% would become 280% and overflow back to 24%, as moves with 100% effect chance will overflow back to 100%.
+==Classification==
+Only damaging moves can count as moves with additional effects. Additional effects typically include moves with a chance to increase the user's stats, decrease the target's stats, inflict [[status condition]]s, or cause [[flinch]]ing. Even if the effect has a 100% chance of applying, it can still be classified as an additional effect.
-Moves that always lower the user's stat stages such as {{m|Overheat}} and {{m|Close Combat}} are not treated as moves with an additional effect. {{cat|HP-draining moves|HP-draining}}, such as the effect of {{m|Giga Drain}}, is also not considered an additional effect. The item-removing effect of {{m|Knock Off}}, item-stealing effect of {{m|Thief}} and {{m|Covet}}, [[status condition]]-curing effect of {{m|Smelling Salts}} and {{m|Wake-Up Slap}}, barrier-removing effect of {{m|Brick Break}} and {{m|Psychic Fangs}}, and the type-changing effect of {{m|Burn Up}} are not considered additional effects.
+Some moves have multiple additional effects; for example, {{m|Ice Fang}} has a 10% chance of {{status|freeze|freezing}} the target and an independent 10% chance of causing the target to {{status|flinch}}.
-Additional effects caused by using {{m|Fling}} while holding specific items are considered to be additional effects by Shield Dust but not by Sheer Force.
+The effects of {{m|Anchor Shot}}, {{m|Eerie Spell}}, {{m|Genesis Supernova}}, {{m|Secret Power}}, {{m|Sparkling Aria}}, and {{m|Spirit Shackle}} are explicitly enumerated as being additional effects, though they would not otherwise be counted as such if not for this exception. Notably, {{m|Thousand Waves}} (which otherwise has an identical effect to Anchor Shot and Spirit Shackle) is not considered to have additional effects.
-The Ability {{a|Stench}} and the [[held item]]s [[Razor Fang]] and [[King's Rock]] grant additional effects to moves, though (in the case of the held items) they do not interact with Sheer Force.
+The Abilities {{a|Stench}} and {{a|Poison Touch}} and the [[held item]]s [[Razor Fang]] and [[King's Rock]] grant additional effects to moves. However, Sheer Force only boosts moves that always have additional effects; granting a move an additional effect this way will not allow it to be boosted by Sheer Force if it otherwise would not, but these effects will be suppressed by Sheer Force if it is boosted by Sheer Force (due to already having an additional effect). Similarly, additional effects caused by using {{m|Fling}} while holding specific items are additional effects and are blocked by Shield Dust, but Fling is not affected by Sheer Force (regardless of the held item).
+Moves that lower the user's stat stages (such as {{m|Overheat}} and {{m|Close Combat}}) are not considered to have an additional effect; however, {{m|Scale Shot}}, which both raises a stat and lowers another stat, is considered to have an additional effect. {{cat|HP-draining moves|HP-draining}}, such as the effect of {{m|Giga Drain}}, is also not considered an additional effect. The item-removing effect of {{m|Knock Off}}, item-stealing effect of {{m|Thief}} and {{m|Covet}}, [[status condition]]-curing effect of {{m|Smelling Salts}} and {{m|Wake-Up Slap}}, barrier-removing effect of {{m|Brick Break}} and {{m|Psychic Fangs}}, and the type-changing effect of {{m|Burn Up}} are not considered additional effects.
 ==List of moves with additional effects==
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