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==Pokémon==
==Pokémon==
===Determining gender===
One factor that determines gender is each Pokémon species's [[List of Pokémon by gender ratio|gender ratio]], which is approximately how likely a Pokémon is a specific gender instead of the other.
====In Generation II====
In [[Generation II]], a Pokémon's gender is determined based solely on its physical {{stat|Attack}} when compared to its gender ratio. A Pokémon is female if its physical Attack IV is less than or equal to its species' gender ratio, otherwise it is male. For species that are exclusively one gender or have no gender, the calculation based on the physical Attack IV is ignored.
Due to this calculation, it is impossible to obtain a female Pokémon with high physical Attack, unless the Pokémon is a member of an all-female species like {{p|Jynx}} or {{p|Chansey}}. Starter Pokémon and others with a gender ratio of seven males to one female suffer the most, with the maximum physical Attack IV for a female Pokémon of those species being 1.
{| class="roundy" style="text-align:center; background: #{{silver color}}; border: 3px solid #{{gold color}}; margin-bottom: 10px"
! colspan="2" | Attack IV
! rowspan="2" | Nominal ratio<br>(♂:♀)
! colspan="2" | Frequency
|-
! Male
! Female
! Male
! Female
|- style="background:#fff"
| ''N/A''
| ''N/A''
| Genderless
| colspan="2" | Genderless
|- style="background:#fff"
| 0-15
| ''N/A''
| Male
| 100.0%
| 0.0%
|- style="background:#fff"
| 2-15
| 0-1
| 7:1
| 87.5%
| 12.5%
|- style="background:#fff"
| 4-15
| 0-3
| 3:1
| 75.0%
| 25.0%
|- style="background:#fff"
| 8-15
| 0-7
| 1:1
| 50.0%
| 50.0%
|- style="background:#fff"
| 12-15
| 0-11
| 1:3
| 25.0%
| 75.0%
|- style="background:#fff"
| ''N/A''
| 0-15
| Female
| 0.0%
| 100.0%
|}
'''Example'''<br />
For two {{p|Cyndaquil}} obtained from [[Professor Elm]]:
{| style="{{roundy}} border: 2px solid #{{gold color}}; background: #{{silver color}}; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; text-align:center"
! style="background:#{{silver color light}}; {{roundytl|5px}}" | Pokémon
! style="background:#{{silver color light}}" | Gender
! style="background:#{{hp color light}}" | HP
! style="background:#{{attack color light}}" | Attack
! style="background:#{{defense color light}}" | Defense
! style="background:#{{speed color light}}" | Speed
! style="background:#{{special attack color}}" | Sp. Atk
! style="background:#{{special defense color}}; {{roundytr|5px}}" | Sp. Def
|- style="background:#FFFFFF"
! rowspan="2" style="background:#{{fire color light}}" | Cyndaquil A
! rowspan="2" style="background:#{{red color light}}" | ♀
| 20
| 10
| 9
| 12
| 11
| 10
|- style="background:#FFFFFF"
| 13<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">1101</span>)
| 1<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">0001</span>)
| 3<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">0011</span>)
| 10<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">1010</span>)
| colspan="2" | 9<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">1001</span>)
|- style="background:#FFFFFF"
! rowspan="2" style="background:#{{fire color light}}; {{roundybl|5px}}" | Cyndaquil B
! rowspan="2" style="background:#{{blue color light}}" | ♂
| 19
| 11
| 10
| 12
| 11
| 10
|- style="background:#FFFFFF"
| 6<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">0110</span>)
| 14<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">1110</span>)
| 7<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">0111</span>)
| 11<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">1011</span>)
| style="{{roundybr|5px}}" colspan="2" | 2<br>(<span style="font-family:Monospace">0010</span>)
|}<br clear="all">
====In Generations III to V====
<code>00000000 00000000 00000000 <span style="background:#FF9999">00000000</span></code><br>
From [[Generation III]] to [[Generation V]], Pokémon's gender is determined by the [[personality value]]'s lowest eight digits (the lowest byte, highlighted in <span style="background:#FF9999">red</span> above) of ''p'' in binary form. Mathematically, this can be derived by calculating <code>''p'' [[wp:modulo operation|%]] 256</code>. Below, this value will be referred to as ''p<sub>gender</sub>''.
In a Pokémon species' [[Pokémon base stats data structure in Generation III|base stat structure]], there is a value called the ''gender threshold'', a byte with a value ranging from 0 to 255. With the exception of a few special cases, ''p<sub>gender</sub>'' is compared to the gender threshold to determine if the Pokémon is male or female.
If the gender threshold is not a special value (0, 254, or 255), ''p<sub>gender</sub>'' is compared to the gender threshold. If ''p<sub>gender</sub>'' is greater than or equal to the gender threshold, the Pokémon is male, otherwise it is female. Because the comparison to determine gender is greater than or equal, Pokémon are slightly more likely to be male than they would be according to the ideal ratios.
If a species has a gender threshold of 255, it is genderless species (such as {{p|Magnemite}}). If a species has a gender threshold of 254, it is a female-only species (such as {{p|Nidoran♀}}). If a species has a gender threshold of 0, it is a male-only species (such as {{p|Nidoran♂}}).
{| class="roundy" style="text-align:center; background: #C0C0FF; border: 3px solid blue; margin-bottom: 10px"
! colspan="2" | Gender threshold
! rowspan="2" | Nominal ratio<br>(♂:♀)
! colspan="2" | Frequency
|-
! Binary
! Decimal
! Male
! Female
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>11111111</code>
| 255
| Genderless
| colspan="4" | Genderless
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>11111110</code>
| 254
| Female
| 0.00%
| 100.00%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>‭‭11100001‬</code>
| 225
| 1:7
| colspan="2" | ''(No species)''
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>10111111</code>
| 191
| 1:3
| 25.39%
| 74.61%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>01111111</code>
| 127
| 1:1
| 50.39%
| 49.61%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>00111111</code>
| 63
| 3:1
| 75.39%
| 24.61%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>00011111</code>
| 31
| 7:1
| 87.89%
| 12.11%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>00000000</code>
| 0
| Male
| 100.00%
| 0.00%
|}
From {{game|Emerald}} onwards, if a Pokémon with {{a|Cute Charm}} is in the first place in the [[party]] (even if [[fainting|fainted]]), there is a 66.7% chance that the game will force an encountered Pokémon to be the opposite gender to the Pokémon with Cute Charm if it can be that gender. This does not affect a [[Pokémon outbreak|swarming]] Pokémon species or Pokémon found in [[Hidden Grotto]]s.
====Generation VI onward====
From [[Generation VI]] onward, the gender threshold is compared to a random number between 1 and 252 (inclusive) instead of ''p<sub>gender</sub>'' (which is between 0 and 255); this causes Pokémon with a "1:1" gender ratio to actually be distributed according to the ideal ratio. All other Pokémon are more likely to be the more common gender than they would be according to their nominal ratio.
{| class="roundy" style="text-align:center; background: #C0C0FF; border: 3px solid blue; margin-bottom: 10px"
! colspan="2" | Gender threshold
! rowspan="2" | Nominal ratio<br>(♂:♀)
! colspan="2" | Frequency
|-
! Binary
! Decimal
! Male
! Female
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>11111111</code>
| 255
| Genderless
| colspan="4" | Genderless
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>11111110</code>
| 254
| Female
| 0.0%
| 100.00%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>‭‭11100001‬</code>
| 225
| 1:7
| 11.11%
| 88.89%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>10111111</code>
| 191
| 1:3
| 24.60%
| 75.40%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>01111111</code>
| 127
| 1:1
| 50.00%
| 50.00%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>00111111</code>
| 63
| 3:1
| 75.40%
| 24.60%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>00011111</code>
| 31
| 7:1
| 88.10%
| 11.90%
|- style="background:#fff"
| <code>00000000</code>
| 0
| Male
| 100.00%
| 0.00%
|}
===Gender differences===
===Gender differences===
{{main|List of Pokémon with gender differences}}
{{main|List of Pokémon with gender differences}}
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