Aging in the anime
The aging of characters in the anime has been a subject of common fan debate, since it is not addressed by the anime itself. The passage of time is clear, but characters show small, if any, signs of aging. This is because the writers and character designs seem to ignore the issue of aging.
To be safe, in Bulbapedia, characters are referred to as their age at their first appearance, if it is indicated.
Common theories
Eternal youth
One common theory is that, like in many cartoons, the characters never age and are trapped at the age of their first appearance. However, this seems strange in light of the fact that the passage of time is pointed out from time to time, and Ash has supposedly done many things without celebrating a birthday. The fact that the anime has directly pointed out years of time passing makes this even more questionable. One of the most common supports for this theory is that Ash and May are supposedly the same age when May begins her journey, even though Ash has traveled through three regions and competed in their leagues before she received her first Pokémon.
Slowed time
Another common theory is that, because only one half-hour episode airs approximately each week, the flow of time in the anime is considerably slower than in real life. This theory has such facts supporting it as the apparent, though minimal, growth of the characters, as well as the noted marks of time. The common estimate is that three real years will translate to one year in the anime.